Menopause evolved to prevent competition between in-laws

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 22-Aug-2012
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Contact: Sarah Hoyle
s.hoyle@exeter.ac.uk
44-013-927-22062
University of Exeter

The menopause evolved, in part, to prevent competition between a mother and her new daughter-in-law, according to research published today (23 August 2012) in the journal Ecology Letters.

The study by researchers from the University of Turku (Finland), University of Exeter (UK), University of Sheffield (UK) and Stanford University (US) explains for the first time why the relationship women had with their daughter-in-laws could have played a key role.

The data showed that a grandmother having a baby later in life, and at the same time as her daughter-in-law, resulted in the newborns of each being 50 per cent less likely to survive to adulthood.

The analysis helps to solve one of nature's great mysteries: why female humans, unlike most other animals, stop reproducing so early in life.

It also adds weight to the theory that the menopause evolved to allow women to focus on their grandchildren. Traditionally, this role included providing food for the family and protecting young children from accidents and disease.

The topic has rarely been analysed, because it requires detailed data on the reproductive success of several generations of women, with knowledge on who lived with whom and when. Scientists analysed 200-years' worth of data collected by Dr Virpi Lummaa of the University of Sheffield and her student Mirkka Lahdenper of Turku University, Finland, from church registers of pre-industrial Finland. They looked at information on birth and death rates from 1700 to 1900, before the advent of modern contraception or healthcare.

The study reveals that women had more grandchildren if they stopped reproducing around the age of 50. The research team believes this was partly because of reduced competition between the older woman and her daughter-in-law and partly because of the support she could offer her grandchildren.

A child born to families with a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law reproducing simultaneously was twice as likely to die before reaching the age of 15. However, this was not the case in the instances when a mother and daughter had babies at the same time. This suggests that related women breed cooperatively and unrelated women breed conflictually.

There is a clear biological benefit to a woman cooperating with her daughter: the women share 50 per cent of the same genes so being in competition for food and other resources makes little sense. This is not the case for a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law: they are not related, so it is logical they should compete to maximise on their chances of spreading their genes.

Consequently, the Finnish data shows that the average woman would benefit from stopping reproducing at the age of 51 if she risked breeding with her daughter-in-law, but not her daughter.

Different theories have been put forward for the evolution of the menopause in humans, including the idea that it evolved to protect older women against the danger of dying during pregnancy or childbirth. However, under two per cent of the pre-industrial Finns in this study died in childbirth in their mid-40s, and such risks of dying in childbirth are similarly low in hunter-gatherers today.

Co-author Dr Andy Russell from the University of Exeter's Centre for Ecology and Conservation said: "We are so used to the fact that all women will experience menopause, that we forget it is seriously bizarre. Evolutionary theory expects animals to reproduce throughout their lifespan, and this is exactly what happens in almost every animal known, including human men. So why are women so different? Our study shows for the first time that the answer could lie in the relationship between a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law."

Dr Virpi Lummaa, from the University of Sheffield's Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, said: "The research adds weight to the argument that menopause evolved because of the vital role that grandmothers played in rearing grandchildren in traditional societies. Although family roles have changed, many grandmothers still play a vital role in caring for their grandchildren and in western society a large number provide daycare. It is interesting that even today, mothers rarely choose to have children at the same time as their offspring: even if they have not yet been through the menopause."

###



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[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 22-Aug-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sarah Hoyle
s.hoyle@exeter.ac.uk
44-013-927-22062
University of Exeter

The menopause evolved, in part, to prevent competition between a mother and her new daughter-in-law, according to research published today (23 August 2012) in the journal Ecology Letters.

The study by researchers from the University of Turku (Finland), University of Exeter (UK), University of Sheffield (UK) and Stanford University (US) explains for the first time why the relationship women had with their daughter-in-laws could have played a key role.

The data showed that a grandmother having a baby later in life, and at the same time as her daughter-in-law, resulted in the newborns of each being 50 per cent less likely to survive to adulthood.

The analysis helps to solve one of nature's great mysteries: why female humans, unlike most other animals, stop reproducing so early in life.

It also adds weight to the theory that the menopause evolved to allow women to focus on their grandchildren. Traditionally, this role included providing food for the family and protecting young children from accidents and disease.

The topic has rarely been analysed, because it requires detailed data on the reproductive success of several generations of women, with knowledge on who lived with whom and when. Scientists analysed 200-years' worth of data collected by Dr Virpi Lummaa of the University of Sheffield and her student Mirkka Lahdenper of Turku University, Finland, from church registers of pre-industrial Finland. They looked at information on birth and death rates from 1700 to 1900, before the advent of modern contraception or healthcare.

The study reveals that women had more grandchildren if they stopped reproducing around the age of 50. The research team believes this was partly because of reduced competition between the older woman and her daughter-in-law and partly because of the support she could offer her grandchildren.

A child born to families with a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law reproducing simultaneously was twice as likely to die before reaching the age of 15. However, this was not the case in the instances when a mother and daughter had babies at the same time. This suggests that related women breed cooperatively and unrelated women breed conflictually.

There is a clear biological benefit to a woman cooperating with her daughter: the women share 50 per cent of the same genes so being in competition for food and other resources makes little sense. This is not the case for a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law: they are not related, so it is logical they should compete to maximise on their chances of spreading their genes.

Consequently, the Finnish data shows that the average woman would benefit from stopping reproducing at the age of 51 if she risked breeding with her daughter-in-law, but not her daughter.

Different theories have been put forward for the evolution of the menopause in humans, including the idea that it evolved to protect older women against the danger of dying during pregnancy or childbirth. However, under two per cent of the pre-industrial Finns in this study died in childbirth in their mid-40s, and such risks of dying in childbirth are similarly low in hunter-gatherers today.

Co-author Dr Andy Russell from the University of Exeter's Centre for Ecology and Conservation said: "We are so used to the fact that all women will experience menopause, that we forget it is seriously bizarre. Evolutionary theory expects animals to reproduce throughout their lifespan, and this is exactly what happens in almost every animal known, including human men. So why are women so different? Our study shows for the first time that the answer could lie in the relationship between a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law."

Dr Virpi Lummaa, from the University of Sheffield's Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, said: "The research adds weight to the argument that menopause evolved because of the vital role that grandmothers played in rearing grandchildren in traditional societies. Although family roles have changed, many grandmothers still play a vital role in caring for their grandchildren and in western society a large number provide daycare. It is interesting that even today, mothers rarely choose to have children at the same time as their offspring: even if they have not yet been through the menopause."

###



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-08/uoe-met082112.php

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Win an Award to Boost Your Book or Business | Lisa Tener - Book ...

When I saw that my coach and client, Teri Scheinzeit won Best Mentor/Coach of the Year 2011, I thought, here?s the answer to something I know I?m not the only one pondering:

?How do I help people see instantly that what I?m offering is the best program out there?? A national award?yes. This?got me?to thinking about awards in general and how powerful they can be. Not only for me, but?for my clients.

* Sell More Books: Awards always contribute to book sales?through increased credibility, links from the awards site to your book and pr that mentions your award or even stems from it.

* Impact More People: When you reach more people, you have more opportunity to make a difference in their lives.

* Get Top PR: You can leverage your award in a press release (and call the press as well)?this can land you TV and radio interviews as well as coverage in local, regional and even national newspapers and magazines. In the press release, use the award as a jumping off point for offering 5 tips in your area of expertise.

* Improve Your Search-ability Online (SEO): An online press release as well as a link to your website from the awarding organization can help improve your ranking with search engines, helping people find you more easily when they google your subject.

* Be Viewed as a National Expert: Especially for a how-to or self-help book or other nonfiction, a well-written book says that you?re an expert in your field.

* Attract High End Clients: You can target a particular audience?your ideal clients?by writing a book specifically geared to that market and their particular needs. And you can target awards that speak to that audience?a business award if your ideal clients are business people, an award in self-help, new age or religion if your book has a spiritual bent, etc. Your award also speaks to quality and helps attract high end clients because this group often looks for such creds?and they?re willing to pay extra for the quality.

* Improve Your Speaking Venues and Fees: An award from a reputable third party adds to your cache as a speaker?and can help justify higher fees.

* Make More Money: People expect to pay more ? and are comfortable paying more?for services of a top expert; Your award helps establish that.

* Help Define Your Brand: An award says that part of your brand is excellence. The specific type of award will also contribute to brand and image.

* Create More Impact with Your Social Media: An award icon (or more than one) on your blog and facebook page send a certain message. My assistant, Geri, recently suggested we change my profile photo on the business facebook page to show me holding up my awards. It added another level of credibility to my social media and I got lots of comments as well?Thanks, Geri.

* Convert More Buyers on Your Website: Visitors on your website may be looking for reasons to buy or not buy. Winning an award creates a certain confidence that can help them decide to ?risk? their money and buy your book, course or services.

I decided to interview some of my award winning clients about their achievements and what benefits they?ve reaped. Amy Beth O?Brien author of Stuck With Mr. Wrong, Evana Maggiore author of Fashion Feng Shui, Deb Scott author of The Sky is Green?and the Grass is?Blue and Elizabeth Hamilton-Gaurino?author of?Pink Doodle Bug?worked hard for the honors bestowed upon them. Being crowned in their respective fields soon reaped powerful results for their books and businesses:

Amy Beth O?Brien?s book cover

Lisa: Amy?won the International Book Award for Best Self-Help Relationships for Stuck With Mr. Wrong?and was a finalist in a few other awards. How has this affected you, Amy?

Amy:?Winning the awards has been validation.?I came to writing later in life, so I wasn?t sure I had the talent for it.? Completing a book, in and of itself, was a big achievement.

Lisa: Has it had an influence in your business?

Amy: Yes, in fact,?the gold sticker on the book and the title ?award-winning author? lends credibility to my business.? I?ve also been invited on radio shows and to speak to a variety of women?s groups.? The biggest thing winning these awards has done is given me credibility.? From here on out, I am a ?4-time award-winning author.?

Lisa: Evana won the Association of Image Consultants International IMMIE (Image Makers Merit of Industry Excellence) Award for Innovation. Evana, can you say a bit about this prestigious award?

Evana: It indicates? the recipient has made an important contribution to the image industry. My contribution was creating a groundbreaking transformational dressing techniques called Fashion Feng Shui (R).

Lisa: And the effect?

Cover Art for Fashion Fegn Shui

Evana: Instant credibility! ?What had been a far out concept, was embraced by image consultants worldwide, many of whom have studied with me.

Lisa: So, it helped tremendously in growing your business. Can you say more?

Evana: I stepped out of the box by blending fashion and feng shui. At first I had been worried that my professional colleagues would think it was too ?woo-woo? ?? but I did it anyway. If I hadn?t taken that risk, I would have missed the greatest opportunity of my life.

Lisa: How about on the personal level?

Evana: Winning AICI?s IMMIE for Innovation confirmed that success comes when you are authentic and do what you love.

Deb Scott?s book cover

Lisa: Deb Scott has won INDIE Next Generation for Motivation,?Moms Choice Award for Self Improvement,?USA Best Books: Best New Non-Fiction and?Books & Authors Award for? Self Help. That?s quite a few awards. How has this effected your life as an author?

Deb:?I have been a featured as a guest on over 50 radio shows talking about my book The Sky is Green and the Grass is Blue, including?CBS radio and?stations in major networks such as Boston, LA and?New Orleans.

Lisa: Any specific results from? your success that has helped your business?

Deb:?I created the Motivation Marathon, featuring major experts and celebrities. My radio show is also now top rated in 17 categories with over 200k listeners! Publications and speaking opportunities came much easier after I won my awards. I can check them off my bucket list now!

Lisa: Elizabeth Hamilton Guarino is another winner of the Gold Mom?s Choice Award. Elizabeth, have you seen any increase in sales because of your award?

Cover art for Pinky Doodle Dee

Elizabeth: Yes,?they grew handily and?it also led to?my book Pinky Doodle Bug being featured at the Maine Festival of the Book.

Lisa: That?s wonderful!

Elizabeth: We thank everyone at Mom?s Choice Awards.?The book goes through very careful screening with industry professionals and so it is a tremendous honor to have won.

Anne Burnett?s book

Another?Gold Mom?s Choice Award winner is Anne Burnett for her book? Alleviate Autism. The MCA recognizes authors and business people who contribute to family-friendly media available to families so they can make informed decisions on?particular and everyday challenges.

Anne credits her book as being the number one reason for securing a high level job as Executive Director for a national nonprofit at a generous compensation package well above what she?d been earning. I?m sure the awards contributed to her standing in their eyes. Anne told me that when she contacted the organization, they read her book and re-opened the position, despite having picked a finalist. In interviews everyone shared how inspired they were by Step Ahead of Autism. The book spoke to her expertise in a powerful way that an interview just can?t match.

Pat Hasting?s book

My client, Pat Hastings?is another award winning author. Her award was from?the Yuxon Spring 2009 Christian Choice Writing Contest for her book Simply a Woman of Faith?and she was?chosen for Inspirational Woman of the Year by the TV show Tea With Marie. As a speaker, international retreat leader and spiritual coach, her awards have added the credibility to attract speaking and teaching opportunities, clients and publicity. That includes speaking and teaching opportunities in Bermuda, Hawaii and on cruise ships!

stevie award

So, now?s my turn to ask for your help in winning another award. If you have not already voted for my Bring Your Book to Life Program in the People?s Choice Awards of the American Business Awards, please do. Anyone can vote. We are now in second place and the voting is close. We can win the gold with your help! Please vote here (it takes 30 seconds!) and share with friends, too.

Thanks in advance for your vote and please share your questions about winning awards and your comments and ideas for benefiting from this practice. Have you won a book award? Tell us how it has helped you!

Source: http://www.lisatener.com/2012/08/howtowinabookaward/

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Can You Buy A Home In Highlands Ranch - Real Estate in Denver ...

Highlands Ranch town centerSome people think the cost of homes in Highlands Ranch is more expensive than most places around Denver. ?Not completely true at all !

In fact, Highlands Ranch may be more affordable than you think.

According to Metrolist, the MLS, the current average sold price in July 2012 for a single family residential home is $312,920.

Can you buy a home in Highlands Ranch less than that? ?Maybe even far less than that ? Let?s take a look.

Here are homes you can buy in Highlands Ranch below the average for the Denver area.

Here are homes you can buy in Highlands Ranch below $250k.?

Impossible you say. ?There you have it. ?There is something for nearly everyone here in Highlands Ranch. ?These lists do not include condos or townhomes, which some can be bought in Highlands Ranch for under $150k !

If you are looking to buy a first home, move up or investment please get in touch. ?I may be a great fit in helping you find the next home. ?I would love to help.

Steve Scheer
720-849-6101
sold@SteveScheer.com

?

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Source: http://www.denver-realestateonline.com/2012/08/22/can-you-buy-a-home-in-highlands-ranch-for-less-than-the-denver-area-average/

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Angelina Jolie's Daughter Vivienne To Have Small Role In 'Maleficent'

We aren't quite sure if this is the mark of good or band parenting, but Disney has just confirmed that Angelina Jolie's daughter Vivienne Jolie-Pitt will make her feature film debut opposite her mother in the upcoming movie "Maleficent." She'll play a young version of Sleeping Beauty. Considering most people probably know that character created [...]

Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2012/08/22/angelina-jolie-daughter-maleficent/

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Distressing life events and poverty behind many abortions in U.S., study finds

ScienceDaily (Aug. 20, 2012) ? Most women accessing abortion services in the US have faced a major life stressor, such as job loss or separation, in the preceding year, finds research published online in the Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care.

The researchers, from the Guttmacher Institute in New York, base their findings on feedback data from almost 9,500 women who had an abortion in 2008 (Abortion Patient Survey), in the light of 11 "disruptive" events, and the links between these, poverty, and contraceptive use.

The disruptive events included job loss, separation, falling behind on rental/mortgage payments, death of a close friend, a serious health problem, a partner being sent to prison and becoming a victim of crime.

Poverty in the US is defined as an annual income before tax of $17,500 for a family of three: in 2008, 13% of US residents met this criterion.

The researchers also carried out in-depth interviews with 49 women seeking abortions to flesh out themes from the feedback data.

Their analysis showed that more than half (57%) of the women who had had an abortion had faced a major life stressor in the preceding year. One in 5 had lost their jobs; one in 6 had separated from their partner; one in 7 had fallen behind on their rental or mortgage payments, while one in 8 had moved several times.

One in 10 had experienced the death of a close friend or had had a baby over the past year. And 7% had been subjected to some form of domestic violence.

Women said that the fall-out from one disruptive event could set up a chain reaction. For example, one woman's grief following the death of her mother kept her from leaving an abusive partner.

A higher proportion of women living in poverty (63%) had experienced at least one such event over the previous year than had affluent women (49%).

One in four women who lived in poverty had lost their job compared with 14% of financially better off women. And a higher proportion of those who were poor had also separated from a partner, fallen into arrears with rental/mortgage payments, moved several times or had given birth.

About half of the women were using contraception in the month they became pregnant, but the in-depth interviews showed that nearly half of these women said that disruptive events interfered with contraceptive use.

The authors point out that women living in poverty made up 42% of the 1.2 million abortions carried out in 2008 in the US, up from 27% of the 1.31 million abortions performed in 2000.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by BMJ-British Medical Journal.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. R. K. Jones, L. Frohwirth, A. M. Moore. More than poverty: disruptive events among women having abortions in the USA. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 2012; DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2012-100311

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/b6xD-v-27Rc/120820205056.htm

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Did researchers spot Amelia Earhart's plane?

Researchers on an expedition to the South Pacific to discover the fate of Amelia Earhart and her navigator say they have spotted a field of manmade debris in an underwater video taken in waters off the?Republic of Kiribati.

By Malia Mattoch McManus,?Reuters / August 20, 2012

Amelia Earhart is pictured with her Lockheed Electra10E before her ill fated quest to fly around the world in this undated photograph. Google honored Earhart with a doodle on what would have been her 115th birthday.

Reuters

Enlarge

A team of researchers trying to solve the mystery of aviator Amelia Earhart's 1937 disappearance said on Friday that underwater video from a Pacific island has revealed a field of man-made debris that could be remnants of her plane.

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The footage was collected in July by The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) during a $2.2 million expedition to Nikumaroro in the Republic of Kiribati.

Unsolved questions about Earhart's fate have long heightened her legendary status as a pioneering aviator, and TIGHAR's voyage to seek clues in her disappearance gained interest far beyond the shores of the remote island where the team searched.

The search was plagued by technical issues in what researchers described as challenging ocean conditions off the Nikumaroro reef, where they believe Earhart's plane landed and was then swept away into the sea.

TIGHAR Director Ric Gillespie said that once his team experienced the harsh conditions, they knew they would not find a "nice intact airplane." He added the local environment is "very severe" because the ocean "tears things up and tries to bury" them.

The TIGHAR team returned to Honolulu, which is 1,800 miles (2,900 km) northeast of Nikumaroro, with no wreckage found. But the researchers said they took hours of underwater video, which they could not view while in Nikumaroro.

TIGHAR said on Friday that one segment of the video shows a field of man-made debris that the group maintains could have come from Earhart's plane.

Gillespie could not give a size of the man-made objects shown in the video, saying there was nothing in the images with which to compare them for scale.

To the untrained eye, the photo supplied by TIGHAR does not appear to show any evidence of wreckage. But Gillespie said forensic imaging specialist Jeff Glickman of the firm Photek Inc identified the images as a debris field.

"It's still very early days, but we have man-made objects in a debris field in the place where we'd expect to find it if our theory on the airplane is correct," Gillespie said.

The TIGHAR announcement comes two days before a Sunday broadcast of a Discovery Channel special on TIGHAR's expedition.

"We were rushing to get at least some video reviewed so we could show something (on Discovery)," Gillespie said. He added that his group has reviewed only 30 percent of the video they collected.

"We don't want to oversell this. It's more evidence. It is where it should be, and that is encouraging," Gillespie said. "If it does appear to be airplane wreckage, it becomes figuring out how to go back and look at it."

Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan, departed Papua New Guinea July 2, 1937, during Earhart's quest to circumnavigate the globe along an equatorial route. But they disappeared that day and emergency searches did not locate them.

Hans Van Tilburg, coordinator of the maritime heritage program for the Pacific region of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said making a discovery of a decades-old object in the Pacific Ocean is very difficult.

"The Pacific Ocean is a high-energy environment and the aircraft they are looking for is quite fragile," he said. "Therefore finding something and making identification is very difficult. You are looking for broken pieces."

(Editing by Alex Dobuzinskis and Lisa Shumaker)

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/6Jks2V4AUNU/Did-researchers-spot-Amelia-Earhart-s-plane

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Overnight Fire Kills Four Pets In Arnold ? CBS St. Louis

ST. LOUIS (KMOX) ? A fire Sunday night in Arnold destroyed a home, killing the three dogs and one cat inside.

The owners of the small, one-story home in the 500 block of Rockwood Drive were not home at the time of the fire which burned for about 45 minutes before being extinguished.

Officials say no injuries were reported and the fire remains under investigation.

Source: http://stlouis.cbslocal.com/2012/08/20/overnight-fire-kills-four-pets-in-arnold/

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vancouvertourguide2010.com ? Blog Archive ? the best awesome ...

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Social Media Business Strategies For 2012 ? Tips And Tricks | Go ...

It is pretty amazing how much of a significant difference social media can have, of course you have to think about certain factors.

Many businesses are strategizing, using social media, having waited patiently for the media buzz to die down on this issue. It is clear that millions of individuals that run businesses have never tried social media or networking. This is not uncommon at all. Social media is awesome, but don?t get your hopes too high. You?re going to be able to use this to help your marketing efforts, but you have to be prepared to do so.

You need to make sure that your business can benefit and then move forward with this. Try to assess your results by doing some test campaigns. The best thing you can do is scale up anything that looks profitable. This is basic marketing and advertising 101.

If you have an online business, the Google Panda and Penguin updates have made it necessary to change a few things. It is important that you keep everything in order in regard to your websites and blogs. It is imperative that all duplicate content on your website be removed as soon as possible. You have to focus event on administration pages which have duplicate content on them.

It is not very clear as to what ?quality content? means in regard to the latest Google update, just so you know. So if anything on your website seems to be low quality, remove it immediately! All you have to do is remove it, and move on from there.

Every bit of content on your site has to be of high quality for it to succeed. But few sites really are up to that high level of performance. Your website should have internal linking strategies that link your best content together so they are easily found. Search engines may penalize you for relating unrelated content together. This is something you need to be careful of. Do your best to present the most relevant posts for the search engine bots, but not outdated information that may also be on your site. The best way to do that is to remove some of the internal links to those pages. By doing this, you can improve your site. If it is large, it may take you a while. But do it anyway!

It is trusted that what you have uncovered thus far about social media, as well as additionally the particular information?? regarding Internet marketing, is of use for you. Please keep? reading?? more below to find additional information related to this topic.

Anyone with a business online, or off-line, can benefit from social media, taking advantage of the ability to communicate with so many people so effectively. It is so easy to leverage human nature, using peer pressure to effect a change in the decisions that people make.

There is a lot of social pressure, most of it very intense, that happens when you interact on the Internet. Basically, you?re listening to what those in authority are saying. What you want to do is present your audience with their opinions, and get some feedback. This is a little twisted, but in the end, it can benefit your business dramatically. People want to be a part of the herd and most like being there. Learn to never follow the herd and that applies in some respects to social media. Sometimes people will jump on board simply because they hear a business represents something in a positive way. To avoid this, only do things that are beneficial for your business, and only that. Every decision that you make must be fully processed before you make it.

Source: http://gocrazyseo.org/social-media-business-strategies-for-2012-tips-and-tricks/

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4 European Jobs.com | Display Job Materials Program Manager

Job Description:
Relationships
Reports to EMEA Manager who has over-arching responsibility for manufacturing. This jobholder will be one of a team under that holds responsibility and accountability for product(s) and components within that portfolio.

Builds strong relationships with the outsourced Manufacturing Partner that is based in Poland. For example sourcing, purchasing, material planning etc.

Interacts with the in the business unit using the products, including wider Cisco Manufacturing Community, Planning and Materials, Logistics and Product Operations and so on.

Deliverables
Ensures that supplier delivery metrics are hit by ensuring Cisco manufacturing partners have the right products available for fulfillment at the right time. The jobholder is measured against metrics pertaining to CT2R, cost and supplier satisfaction.

Is a catalyst for change in driving our Supply Chain Excellence goals.

Accountable for supply chain readiness, total cost management and risk mitigation between proto and First Customer Ship (FCS).

Manage total cost and supply continuity risk mitigation throughout product lifecycle.

Prepare the supply chain and manages continuity of material supply, delivery and quality ensuring no shortages, delays or quality issues from proto to FCS.

Utilize appropriate resources and influences sourcing decisions to achieve optimal product cost.

Understand all elements of product cost; validate the integrity of the costed Bill of Material (BOM) and forward costing; able to clearly articulate the main cost drivers, cost reduction and cost avoidance activities.

Manage BOM cost integrity, risk, analysis and communication to the Operations team.

Perform BOM risk analysis, identifying and validating risk parts driving resolution.

Communicate the supply chain strategy to the business unit and Operations teams.

Manage supplier performance and team expectations by proactively driving suppliers to meet or exceed committed performance. Does this by building relationships and trust with suppliers.

Operations can involve occasional out of hours emergency or issue resolution.

Global peers may be in different time zones, so flexibility around that on occasions may be required.

Flexibility can be available in terms of when and where the work is done in line with Cisco policy, Cisco has excellent home working technology for use on occasions. This needs to be balanced with high levels of on-call availability as this role has operational and time sensitive responsibilities and leads issue resolution. The job-holder must be able to manage his / her agenda effectively and efficiently.

Flexibility in terms of the quantity of work or part-time options are unlikely to suit this role.

PERSON PROFILE
Technical Skills
Materials management (essential)
Supply chain management experience (essential) Cost management (essential)
Bills of materials knowledge (advantageous)
Commodity knowledge (advantageous)
Planning (advantageous)
Risk management (advantageous)

Soft Skills
Strong negotiation skills. Builds effective partner and vendor relationships (essential)
Stable, balanced opinions, able to see the bigger picture (essential)
Cross-functional influence and high levels of empathy (essential)
Can function effectively in a complex matrixed environment (essential)
Open and effective communication style (essential)
Problem solving and data analysis (essential)
Flexible and adaptable to new ways of working, ideas and such like (essential)

Education and Training
BA/BS or equivalent experience (essential) Technical or MS degree (advantageous)

Source: http://www.4europeanjobs.com/display_job/673475/Materials_Program_Manager.html

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